Stochastic modelling techniques are often used to determine an appropriate retention limit.
Future claims on a particular tranche of business are projected using a stochastic model for the number of claims.
Then, the optimal retention level can be chosen so as to keep the probability of insolvency (or some other risk measure) below some probability of insolvency (or some other risk measure) below some specified level (based on the current level of the free assets).
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the lower the free assets, the greater the need for reinsurance
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the greater the uncertainty in the future mortality experience, the greater the need for reinsurance
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lack of relevant past data or poor quality data (e.g. new product or market, changes in underwriting or T&C of policy).
Particularly relevant for small business/new markets